Investigació de nous contaminants en aigües: fàrmacs, hormones y drogues d'abús

31/03/2016 | IUPA
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Fins fa pocs anys, la rellevància mediambiental de fàrmacs i hormones, tant naturals com sintètics, així com de drogues d'abús, no s'havia tingut en compte, ja que aquests compostos únicament s'estudiaven en termes de salut humana i veterinària, i no s’hi parava excessiva atenció al seu potencial impacte en el medi ambient.

La majoria d'aquests compostos són excretats pels éssers humans o animals, com compostos inalterats o metabòlits (lliures o conjugats), i entren en el medi ambient a través de les aigües residuals. Aquestes són tractades a les estacions depuradores d'aigües residuals (EDAR), dissenyades com a eines eficaces per tractar els problemes d'excés de nutrients i contaminació microbiològica, perseguint una rebaixa substàncial de paràmetres globals com DBO i DQO. No obstant això, molts d'aquests contaminants emergents no són completament eliminats i solen trobar-se en les aigües ja tractades, pel que solen arribar al medi ambient aquàtic a través dels efluents urbans.

A més, els contaminants orgànics pateixen reaccions de transformació / degradació en el medi ambient donant lloc a productes de transformació (TP), moltes vegades desconeguts, i que també s'han de considerar com contaminants emergents, ja que la immensa majoria no estan regulats.

Aquests aspectes són tractats en aquesta línia de treball, orientada a investigar la presència de contaminants emergents a les aigües, però també, i molt especialment, dels seus TPs. Amb aquest objectiu, s'estableixen quatre línies bàsiques de treball:

1) Investigació de metabòlits i TPs ja coneguts, i prèviament reportats en la literatura científica. Es tracta de compostos per als que normalment ja existeixen patrons de referència i que s'inclouen com a compostos target en la llista de contaminants a investigar en mètodes de screening i / o quantificació

2) Experiències de laboratori destinades a identificar TPs formats sota condicions controlades (hidròlisi, fotodegradació, cloració, biodegradació). En diversos dels treballs realitzats, s'han identificat compostos que, fins ara, no havien estat reportats en la literatura. Un cop identificats (habitualment de manera temptativa), s'ha investigat la seva presència en aigües ambientals i residuals, amb el resultat de nombrosos positius, la qual cosa demostra la utilitat dels experiments de laboratori

3) Avaluació de l'eficiència d'eliminació de contaminants emergents en EDAR convencionals, mitjançant l'estudi comparat d'aigües de influent i efluent urbà

4) Comportament de contaminants emergents enfront de sistemes avançats d'oxidació, dirigits a l'eliminació d'aquests compostos en les aigües residuals

Publicacions:

“Comprehensive monitoring of organic micro-pollutants in surface and groundwater in the surrounding of a solid-waste treatment plant of Castellón, Spain”
E. Pitarch, M.I.  Cervera, T. Portolés, M. Ibáñez, M. Barreda, A.  Renau-Pruñonosa , I. Morell, F.J. López, F. Albarrán, F. Hernández
Science of the Total Environment, 549-549, 211-220 (2016)

“Biotransformation of pharmaceuticals in surface water and during waste water treatment: identification and occurrence of transformation products”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, J.V. Sancho, J.R. Parsons, P. de Voogt, F. Hernández
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 302, 175-187 (2016)

“High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Investigate Omeprazole and Venlafaxine Metabolites in Wastewater”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, R. Bagnati, E. Zuccato, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández, S. Castiglioni
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 302, 332-340 (2016)

“Screening of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and surface waters of Spain and Italy by high resolution mass spectrometry using UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS”
R. Bade, N.I. Rousis, L. Bijlsma, E.Gracia-Lor, S. Castiglioni, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernandez
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407, 8979-8988 (2015)

“Suspect screening of large numbers of emerging contaminants in environmental waters using artificial neural networks for chromatographic retention time prediction and high resolution mass spectrometry data analysis”
R. Bade, L. Bijlsma, T.H. Miller, L.P. Barron, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Science of the Total Environment 538, 934-941 (2015)

“LC-QTOF MS screening of more than 1000 licit and illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater and surface waters from the area of Bogotá, Colombia”
F. Hernández, M. Ibáñez, A.M. Botero-Coy, R. Bade, M.C. Bustos-López, J. Rincón, A. Moncayo, L.Bijlsma
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407, 6405-6416 (2015)

“Critical evaluation of a simple retention time predictor based on Log Kow as a complementary tool in the identification of emerging contaminants in water”
R. Bade, L. Bijlsma, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Talanta, 139, 143-149 (2015)

“Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, J.V. Sancho, J. Rambla, J.L. Aranda, S. Ballester, F. Hernández
Talanta, 131, 719-727 (2015)

"Investigation of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals in waters by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry”
F. Hernández, M. Ibáñez, R. Bade, L. Bijlsma, J.V. Sancho.
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 63, 140-157 (2014)

"Determination of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol in water at sub-ppt levels by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry"
C. Ripolles, M. Ibañez, J.V. Sancho, F. J. Lopez, F. Hernández
Analytical Methods, 6, 5028-5034 (2014)

“Improvements in analytical methodology for the determinationof frequently consumed illicit drugs in urban wastewater”
L. Bijlsma, E. Beltrán, C. Boix, J.V. Sancho, F.Hernández
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406, 4261-4272 (2014)

“Investigation of pharmaceutical metabolites in environmental waters by LC-MS/MS”
E. Gracia-Lor, M. Ibáñez, T. Zamora, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 5496-5510 (2014)

“Occurrence and behavior of illicit drugs and metabolites in sewage water from Spanish Mediterranean coast (Valencia region)”
L. Bijlsma, R. Serrano, C. Ferrer, I. Tormos, F. Hernández
Science of the Total Environment, 487, 703-709 (2014)

“Investigation of cannabis biomarkers and transformation productsin waters by liquid chromatography coupled to time of flightand triple quadrupole mass spectrometry”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, L. Bijlsma, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Chemosphere, 99, 64-71 (2014)

“Identification of new omeprazole metabolites in wastewaters and surface waters”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, T. Zamora, J.V. Sancho, W.M.A. Niessen, F. Hernández
Science of the Total Environment, 468, 706-714 (2014)

“Investigating the presence of omeprazole in waters by liquid chromatography coupled to low and high resolution mass spectrometry: degradation experiments”
C. Boix, M. Ibáñez, J. V. Sancho, W.M.A. Niessen, F. Hernández.
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 48, 1091-1100 (2013)

“Removal of emerging contaminants in sewage water subjected to advanced oxidation with ozone”
M. Ibáñez, E. Gracia-Loe, L. Bijlsma, E. Morales, L. Pastor, F. Hernández
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 260, 389-398 (2013)

“Use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry for large screening of organic pollutants in surface waters and soils from a rice production area in Colombia”
F. Hernández , T. Portolés, M. Ibáñez, M.C. Bustos-López, R. Díaz, A.M. Botero-Coy, C.L. Fuentes, G. Peñuela
Science of the Total Environment,439, 249-259 (2012)

“Performance of the linear ion trap Orbitrap mass analyzer for qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in sewage water”
L. Bijlsma, E. Emke, F. Hernández, P. de Voogt
Analytica Chimica Acta, 768, 102-110 (2013)

“Risk assesment for drugs of abuse in the Dutch watercycle”
M. van der Aa, L. Bijlsma, E. Emke, E. Dijkman, A.L.N. van Nuijs, B. Van de Ven, F. Hernández, A. Versteegh, P. De Voogt
Water Research, 47, 1848-1857 (2013)

“Investigation of degradation products of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in the aquatic environment”
L. Bijlsma, C. Boix, W.M.A. Niessen, M. Ibáñez, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Science of the Total Environment, 443, 200-208 (2013)

“Investigation of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in Dutch sewage wàter by líquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry”
L. Bijlsma, E. Emke, F. Hernández, P. De Voogt
Chemosphere, 89, 1399-1406 (2012)

“Multi-class determination of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance líquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry”
E. Gracia-Lor, M. Martínez, J.V. Sancho, G. Peñuela, F. Hernández
Talanta, 99, 1011-1023 (2012)

“Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticlas in wastewater treatment plants at the Spanish Mediterranean area of Valencia”
E. Gracia-Lor, J.V. Sancho, R. Serrano, F. Hernández
Chemosphere, 87, 453-462 (2012)

“Determination of six microcystins and nodularin in surface and drinking waters by on-line solid phase extraction-ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry”
E. Beltrán, M. Ibáñez, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Journal of Chromatography A, 1266, 61-68 (2012)

“Importance of MS selectivity and chromatographic separation in LC-MS/MS-based methods when investigating pharmaceutical metabolites in water. Dipyrone as a case of study”
M. Ibáñez, E. Gracia-Lor, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 47, 1040-1046 (2012)

"Rapid wide-scope screening of drugs of abuse, prescription drugs with potential for abuse and their metabolites in influent and effluent urban wastewater by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography¬quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry"
F. Hernández, L. Bijlsma, J. V. Sancho, R. Díaz, M. Ibáñez
Analytica Chimica Acta, 684: 96-106 (2011)

"Multi-class determination of around 50 pharmaceuticals, including 26 antibiotics, in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry"
E. Gracia, J. V. Sancho, F.Hernández
Journal of Chromatography A, 1218: 2264-2275 (2011)

"Fragmentation pathways of drugs of abuse and their metabolites based on QTOF MS/MS and MSE accurate-mass spectra"
L. Bijlsma, J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández, W. M. A. Niessen
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 46: 865-875 (2011)

"Determination of eight nitrosamines in water at the ng L−1 levels by liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry"
C. Ripollés, E. Pitarch, J. V. Sancho, F. J. López, F. Hernández
Analytica Chimica Acta, 702, 62-71 (2011)

"Use of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to determine proposed structures of transformation products of the herbicide bromacil after water chlorination"
M. Ibáñez, J. V. Sancho, O.J. Pozo, F. Hernández
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 25, 3103-3113 (2011)

"Retrospective LC-QTOF MS analysis searching for pharmaceutical metabolites in urban wastewater"
F.Hernández, M. Ibáñez, E. Gracia-Lor, J.V. Sancho
Journal of Separation Science, 34, 3517-3526 (2011)

"Simultaneous determination of triazines and their main transformation products in surface and urban wastewater by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry"
F. Benvenuto, J. M. Marín, J. V. Sancho, S. Canobbio , V. Mezzanotte, F. Hernández
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397, 2791-2805 (2010)

"Simultaneous determination of acidic, neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry"
E. Gracia-Lor, J. V. Sancho, F.Hernández
Journal of Chromatography A, 1217, 622-632 (2010)



 

Informació proporcionada per: Institut Universitari de Plaguicides i Aigües